Carcinoma basocelular diagnosticado por dermatoscopia en consulta de dermatología del Hospital Universitario Miguel Enríquez

Fundamento: el carcinoma basocelular es un tumor maligno muy frecuente en el ser humano. Se considera invasivo de forma local, además de agresivo y destructivo. Objetivo: mostrar el comportamiento de los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular diagnosticados por dermatoscopia en consulta de dermatología del Hospital Universitario Miguel Enríquez, entre junio de 2020 y mayo de 2021. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, para mostrar el comportamiento de los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular que asistieron a la consulta de dermatología del Hospital Universitario Miguel Enríquez en el periodo de junio 2020 a mayo 2021. El universo de estudio se conformó por los pacientes mayores de 18 años que presentaron una o varias lesiones presuntivas de carcinoma basocelular menores de 3 cm de diámetro. Se utilizaron las variables: edad, sexo, fototipo de piel, formas clínicas, patrones dermatoscópicos, topografía de la lesión, ocupación relacionada o no con la exposición solar. Se trabajó con frecuencias absolutas, porcentaje, media, desviación estándar, valores máximos y mínimos, la razón, pruebas de ji-cuadrado y t de student, con significación p≤0,05. Resultados: predominó en ancianos (66,4±14,9 años), en hombres (54,1 %), con fototipo 2 (57,8 %), y en nariz el 33,9 %. La forma nodular fue más frecuente (41,3 %), ocupación expuesta al sol (66,9 %), tamaño promedio de la lesión 1,4 cm. La dermatoscopia mostró predominio de los vasos arborizantes (73,4 %). Por histología se confirmó el 90,8 % de los casos. Conclusiones: predominaron entre los pacientes los ancianos, con fototipo 2. La forma nodular fue más frecuente, el tamaño promedio de la lesión fue de 1,4 cm. La dermatoscopia mostró predominio de los vasos arborizantes. La dermatoscopía resultó ser una herramienta necesaria para el uso sistemático en dermatología.

Foundation: basal cell carcinoma is a very common malignant tumor in humans. It is considered locally invasive, also aggressive and destructive. Objective: to show the behavior of patients with basal cell carcinoma diagnosed by dermoscopy in dermatology clinic of the Miguel Enríquez University Hospital, between June 2020 and May 2021. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to show the behavior of patients with basal cell carcinoma who attended the dermatology consultation at the Miguel Enríquez University Hospital from June 2020 to May 2021. The universe of study was made up of patients older than 18 years who presented one or more presumptive lesions of basal cell carcinoma less than 3 cm in diameter. The variables used were: age, sex, skin phototype, clinical forms, dermoscopic patterns, topography of the lesion, occupation related or not to sun exposure. We worked with absolute frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values, the ratio, chi-square and student's t tests, with significance p≤0.05. Results: it prevailed in the elderly (66.4±14.9 years), in men (54.1 %), with phototype 2 (57.8 %), and in the nose 33.9 %. The nodular form was more frequent (41.3 %), occupation exposed to the sun (66.9 %), average size of the lesion 1.4 cm. Dermoscopy showed a predominance of arborizing vessels (73.4 %). By histology, 90.8 % of the cases were confirmed. Conclusions: the elderly prevailed among the patients, with phototype 2. The nodular form was more frequent, the average size of the lesion was 1.4 cm. Dermoscopy showed a predominance of arborizing vessels. Dermoscopy turned out to be a necessary tool for systematic use in dermatology.

Clinical tolerability and pharmacokinetics of troxacitabine / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of troxatabine in advanced or relapsed malignant tumors resistant to standard therapy in China. Methods: This is a phase Ⅰ prospective study. During dose escalation, patients in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences received a single-dose intravenous infusion of troxacitabine. The planned dosing groups were 1.8, 3.6, 4.8, 6.4 and 8.0 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. The data of all patients were collected for safety analyses. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by monitoring adverse events. Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled from April 2018 to May 2019. The major adverse events were fatigue (89.5%, 17/19), leukopenia (84.2%, 16/19) and neutropenia (78.9%, 15/19). The dose limiting toxicity was neutropenia. The maximum tolerated dose was 6.4 mg/m(2). The best effect was stable disease (43.8%). The half-life of elimination phase from 15.91 hours to 76.63 hours in each dose group. Conclusions: The toxicity of troxacitabine is well tolerant. We recommend that the dose for Phase Ⅱ clinical trial should be 6.4 mg/m(2).

Chinese multidisciplinary expert consensus on the management of adverse drug reactions associated with savolitinib / 中华肿瘤杂志

MET gene is a proto-oncogene, which encodes MET protein with tyrosine kinase activity. After binding to its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, MET protein can induce MET dimerization and activate downstream signaling pathways, which plays a crucial role in tumor formation and metastasis. Savolitinib, as a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting MET, selectively inhibits the phosphorylation of MET kinase with a significant inhibitory effect on tumors with MET abnormalities. Based on its significant efficacy shown in the registration studies, savolitinib was approved for marketing in China on June 22, 2021 for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with MET 14 exon skipping mutations. In addition, many studies have shown that MET TKIs are equally effective in patients with advanced solid tumors with MET gene amplification or MET protein overexpression, and relevant registration clinical studies are ongoing. The most common adverse reactions during treatment with savolitinib include nausea, vomiting, peripheral edema, pyrexia, and hepatotoxicity. Based on two rounds of extensive nationwide investigations to guide clinicians, the consensus is compiled to use savolitinib rationally, prevent and treat various adverse reactions scientifically, and improve the clinical benefits and quality of life of patients. This consensus was prepared under the guidance of multidisciplinary experts, especially including the whole-process participation and valuable suggestions of experts in Traditional Chinese Medicine, thus reflecting the clinical treatment concept of integrated Chinese and western medicines.

Consensus of nutritional management for survivors of malignant tumor (2023) / 中华临床营养杂志

Reasonable nutrition management is important in the long-term care of cancer survivors. It can contribute to reducing the risk of metabolic complications, improving patients' understanding, beliefs, and behavior as regards healthy lifestyles, promoting lifestyle and dietary changes, and positively impacting disease treatment and long-term prognosis. To improve the long-term management of Chinese cancer survivors, reduce medical costs, and maximize clinical benefits and patient outcomes, the Cancer Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society has developed this consensus based on the current cancer patient management and nutritional therapy in China, evidence-based medicine from domestic and foreign publications, as well as expert opinions and experiences in clinical and nutritional fields. Following the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) grading system, this consensus provides recommendations for nutritional risk screening, assessment (diagnosis), enteral and parenteral nutrition support, and medical nutrition therapy for cancer survivors, aiming to inform and support the standardized nutritional management of cancer survivors.

Probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases in Jiangmen City from 2012 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the mortality of malignant tumors, diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases and trends in probability of premature mortality due to these four chronic diseases in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for perfecting the chronic disease control strategy. @*Methods@#The mortality of malignant tumors, diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases among household registered residents in Jiangmen City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Guangdong Provincial Population Death Information Registration Management System, and the crude mortality, standardized mortality by the population of the Fifth National Population Census in China in 2000 and probability of premature mortality were calculated. The trends in mortality and probability of premature mortality were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC), and whether achieving the targets for the probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases in 2025 and 2030 were evaluated.@*Results@#A total of 226 012 deaths occurred due to four chronic diseases in Jiangmen City from 2012 to 2021, and the overall crude mortality and standardized mortality rates were 569.22/105 and 283.29/105, with a reduction in the probability of premature mortality from 15.04% to 12.05% (AAPC=-2.403%, Z=-7.603, P<0.001). The probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases decreased from 19.21% to 16.38% in males, and from 10.42% to 7.58% in females (AAPC=-1.893% and -3.085%, Z=-5.262 and -9.811, both P<0.001). The probability of premature mortality due to diabetes appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=2.317%, Z=2.548, P=0.034), and the probability of premature mortality due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-4.826%, Z=-13.590, P<0.001), while no significant changing trend was seen in the probability of premature mortality due to malignant tumors or chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-0.751% and -2.461%, Z=-1.532 and -1.730, P=0.125 and 0.122). The predicted probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases was 10.92% in 2025 and 9.66% in 2030 in Jiangmen City, which were both lower than the target (11.21% and 9.81%). @*Conclusions@#The probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline in Jiangmen City from 2012 to 2021, which can reach the target in 2025 and 2030. Males should be given a high priority for interventions of chronic diseases, and diabetes control should be reinforced.

Epidemiological characteristics of malignant tumor mortality among residents in Yuyao from 2014 to 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the death level and change trend of malignant tumors among residents in Yuyao， and to provide support for accurate prevention and control of malignant tumors. MethodsWe collected the death monitoring data of Yuyao registered residents from 2014 to 2021， and calculated the indicators， including crude mortality rate （CMR）， standardized mortality rate （SMR）， potential years of life lost （PYLL）， average years of life lost （AYLL）， and PYLL rate （PYLLR）. We also calculated the average annual change percentage （AAPC） using Joinpoint regression model. ResultsThere were 13 754 deaths from malignant tumors in Yuyao from 2014 to 2021， accounting for 26.54% of the total deaths in the same period. The average annual mortality rate was 205.63/105， and the standardized mortality rate was 115.62/105. The SMR showed a downward trend in 8 years （AAPC=-4.76%， t=-2.296， P=0.061）. The average annual mortality of malignant tumors was 274.15/105， and the standardized mortality was 149.83/105. The average annual mortality of female malignant tumors was 139.03/105， the standardized mortality was 81.01/105. Male mortality was higher than the female mortality （χ2=1 487.389， P<0.001）.The mortality rate of malignant tumors increased with age （AAPC=54.94%，t=27.678，P<0.001）. The mortality rate of malignant tumors in different age groups showed a downward trend in 8 years （AAPC=-5.74% for 0- years old group， -8.49% for 15- years old group， -6.02% for 45- years old group， and -3.49% for ≥65 years old group）. The top five causes of death from malignant tumors in residents were lung cancer， gastric cancer， liver cancer， esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer， accounting for 68.15% of all deaths from malignant tumors. Lung cancer ranked first among the causes of death from male and female malignant tumors. PYLL caused by malignant tumor death was 96 585.50 person years， AYLL was 7.02 years per person ， and PYLLR was 16.42‰. ConclusionThe mortality rate of malignant tumors among registered residents in Yuyao is on the decline， but it is still the primary death cause threatening the residents. Lung cancer is the malignant tumor that causes the greatest loss of life. It is urgent to build a comprehensive intervention system for malignant tumors that focuses on men， middle-aged and elderly people， advocate a healthy lifestyle， and combine early screening and reasonable treatment to block disease progress.

Trends in mortality of malignant tumors in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2022 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the trends in mortality of malignant tumors in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for formulating malignant tumor control strategies in Ningbo City. Methods The data regarding the mortality of malignant tumors in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2022 were collected through the Ningbo Municipal Death Cause Monitoring System, and the crude mortality and age-specific mortality of malignant tumors were calculated in Ningbo City. The mortality of malignant tumors was standardized by the population of the sixth National Population Census in China in 2010 (Chinese-standardized mortality) and the world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized mortality). The trends in mortality of malignant tumors were evaluated with annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). @*Methods@#The data regarding the mortality of malignant tumors in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2022 were collected through the Ningbo Municipal Death Cause Monitoring System, and the crude mortality and age-specific mortality of malignant tumors were calculated in Ningbo City. The mortality of malignant tumors was standardized by the population of the sixth National Population Census in China in 2010 (Chinese-standardized mortality) and the world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized mortality). The trends in mortality of malignant tumors were evaluated with annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). @*Results@#The crude mortality of malignant tumors was 186.43/105 to 221.24/105 in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2022, which showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=0.76%), and both the Chinese- (AAPC=-2.64%) and world-standardized mortality (AAPC=-2.74%) appeared a tendency towards a decline (all P<0.05). The world-standardized mortality of malignant tumors presented three changes in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2022, with a more remarkable decline from 2011 to 2018 (APC=-3.53%) than from 2002 to 2011 (APC=-2.10%) and from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-2.00%) (all P<0.05). The annual decline in mortality of malignant tumors was higher in men (Chinese-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.68%; world-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.75%) than in women (Chinese-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.45%; world-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.57%), and higher in urban areas (Chinese-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.85%; world-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.92%) than in rural areas (Chinese-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.45%; world-standardized mortality: AAPC=-2.57%) (all P<0.05). The mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age in Ningbo City, with the highest mortality in residents at ages of 85 years and older (1 447.13/105). Death from malignant tumors were responsible for 31.86% of all causes of death in Ningbo City, and the five most common causes of cancer death included lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer. In addition, the world-standardized mortality of pancreatic cancer (AAPC=3.92%), prostate cancer (AAPC=4.71%), and cervical cancer (AAPC=1.60%) appeared a tendency towards a rise in Ningbo City (all P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The crude mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2022, while the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline. Management of malignant tumors should be given a high priority among men and rural residents, and lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer should be emphasized.

Death and life loss of malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the mortality and life loss of malignant tumors among residents in Xicheng District, Beijing from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy for malignant tumors.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to dead cases of malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021 were collected from Beijing Integrated and Analysis Platform for Health and Disease Prevention Monitoring Information Resources. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential life lost rate (YPLLR), rate of standardized years of potential life lost (SYPLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL) and annual percent change (APC) of malignant tumors were measured to analyze the trends in mortality of malignant tumors and life loss.@*Results@#A total of 23 202 residents died from malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and the crude and standardized mortality rates of malignant tumors were 198.09/105 and 101.46/105, respectively. The standardized mortality of malignant tumors was 117.36/105 among men and 85.97/105 among women. The standard mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among all cases (APC=-1.515%, t=-4.289, P=0.005) and women (APC=-1.629%, t=-3.046, P=0.023), and the crude mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=49.324, P<0.001). The five most deadly malignant tumors included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the three malignant tumors with the three highest life loss, with YPLL of 18 054 person-years, 9 446 person-years and 8 179 person-years, respectively. Leukemia had the highest AYLL (15.95 years per person).@*Conclusions@#The standardized mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and men and the elderly people were at high risk of malignant tumors. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer were leading causes of death, leukemia was the major cause of life loss.

Pyogenic granuloma of the gums and lips caused by camrelizumab: case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological features, and treatment of oral and maxillofacial pyogenic granulomas induced by camrelizumab. @*Methods@# A case of pyogenic granuloma of the gums and lips caused by camrelizumab was reported along with a literature review. @*Results@# After 4 months of treatment with camrelizumab for liver cancer, the patient developed systemic reactive capillary hyperplasia (RCH), followed by multiple masses on the lower lip and gingiva. After periodontal therapy, the masses on the lower lip and the gingiva were removed, and camrelizumab administration was stopped. The pathological result was gingival pyogenic granuloma/granulomatous hemangioma. No new masses were found in the oral cavity during postoperative follow-up. A review of the literature showed that RCH is the most common adverse drug reaction to camrelizumab but it occurs infrequently in the oral cavity. At present, the etiology of RCH has not been clarified, but the research has shown that camrelizumab may trigger tissue proliferation into hemangiomas by activating vascular endothelial cells, and the combined use of camrelizumab is safer than single use. RCH is self-limiting and most cases resolve spontaneously after discontinuation of the drug. If the mass causes dysfunction, surgical excision is feasible.@*Conclusion @#Camrelizumab can cause oral and maxillofacial reactive capillary hyperplasia complicated by pyogenic granuloma.

Trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2018, so as to provide insights into formulation of the malignant tumor control strategy.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to the incidence of malignant tumor in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018 were captured from the Chronic Disease Surveillance Module of Ningbo Municipal Digital Disease Control and Prevention Platform. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, global population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence (0 to 74 years of age), and truncated age-standardized incidence (35 to 64 years of age) of malignant tumors were estimated, and the trends in incidence of malignant tumors were analyzed in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018 using average annual percentage change (AAPC).@*Results@#The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, global population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence (0 to 74 years of age), and truncated age-standardized incidence (35 to 64 years of age) of malignant tumors were 433.78/105, 289.37/105, 224.22/105, 25.83% and 83.34/105 in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018, with AAPC of 5.90%, 3.31%, 3.31%, 2.84% and 4.24%, respectively (all P<0.05), and the incidence of malignant tumors appeared an overall tendency towards a rise. The incidence of malignant tumors increased with age in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018, and the incidence of malignant tumors was significantly higher in women than in men at ages of 20 to 54 years, while higher incidence was seen in men than in women at ages of 55 years and older. The ten most common malignant tumors included lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and cervical cancer, accounting for 78.84% of all malignancies, and the the incidence of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise year by year, with AAPC of 8.37%, 5.36%, 6.42%, 24.81%, 5.49% and 18.78%, respectively (all P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018, and lung cancer, thyroid cancer, specific female cancers, male gastrointestinal and prostate cancers should be given a high priority for cancer control in Yuyao City in the future. Early screening and early diagnosis of cancers should be facilitated among high-risk populations.

Clinical analysis of 50 children with superior vena cava syndrome combined with malignant tumors / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) with malignant tumors in children, and to improve the understanding of its clinical management.Methods:Clinical data of 50 children with SVCS combined with malignant tumors treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2010 to May 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.The pathological types, clinical manifestations, imaging examination, treatment and prognosis were summarized.The overall survival (OS) rate and event-free survival (EFS) rate were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Among the 50 cases, 38 were males and 12 were females, with a male/female ratio of 3.2∶1.0.The median onset was 12.5 (8.0, 14.5) years, and the most common onset occurred in adolescence (66.0%, 33/50). Cough (80.0%, 40/50) was the most common clinical manifestation, followed by face and neck edema (66.0%, 33/50), chest tightness (56.0%, 28/50) and dyspnea (50.0%, 25/50). All the 50 cases were confirmed by histopathological examination, 39 cases(78.0%) were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL). NHL was the most common malignant tumor, of which T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) accounted for 74.4%(29/39). All the 50 cases were examined by CT examination, involving 42 cases (84.0%) detected with mediastinal masses.Pleural effusion (86.0%, 43/50) and pericardial effusion (70.0%, 35/50) were common imaging findings.The 3-year OS rate and EFS rate of them were 59.7% and 57.9%, respectively.The 3-year OS rate and EFS rate of the 39 children with NHL were 62.9% and 60.9%, respectively.Conclusions:Children with malignant tumors complicated with SVCS are featured by the acute onset, rapid progress and poor prognosis.NHL is the most common cause, especially T-LBL.Cough, edema of face and neck, chest tightness and dyspnea are common clinical manifestations.Early detection and treatment contribute to save children′s lives.

Application of 3D printing in surgical treatment of hepatobiliary malignancies / 国际外科学杂志

At present, surgical treatment is the most effective method for the treatment of hepatobiliary malignant tumor. However, due to the complex anatomical structure of hepatobiliary region, accompanied by vascular variation, and with the continuous update of medical concepts, the requirements for surgery are more strict. Traditional imaging examination has reached a bottleneck in the support of surgical treatment, while 3D printing technology is compared with the former. It showed strong advantages in preoperative program planning and improving the effect of intraoperative precise resection. At the same time, it also shows great potential for medical assistance and disease treatment in the production of bioactive models, and 3D printing technology has obviously enhanced the understanding of surgery for young doctors, and medical staff can create a variety of highly practical 3D printing models under the existing conditions. In the future, it is expected to overcome the limitations of materials and technology and bring higher therapeutic benefits for the majority of patients.

Intension and extension of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Minimal residual disease (MRD) has been used not only for relapse prediction, prognosis re-classification and directing pre-emptive therapy of patients with acute leukemia, but also in the field of therapy for patients with other hematological malignancies or solid tumors. A deep understanding of the intension and extension of MRD is important for exploring novel methods for accurate prediction of relapse and consummating the individualized intervention strategies for malignant tumors.

Preliminary Discussion on the Influencing Factors of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome under the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Model of Malignant Tumors / 中医杂志

As a part of the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model of malignant tumors， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays a unique role in increasing efficiency， reducing toxicity， and preventing recurrence and metastasis. It has been gradually recognized that integrated TCM and western medicine should be used in diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Western medicine such as surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， endocrine therapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy may act as the main factors that change the syndromes， as they can induce the changes of the tongue and pulse manifestations and symptoms after acting on the body. It is therefore advised to differentiate and analyze the attributes of yin-yang and cold-heat of western medicine as well as its impact on TCM syndromes， and use Chinese herbal medicinals precisely so as to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity. Moreover， it is better to grasp the syndrome evolution trend of modern medicine and predict the disease tendency， so as to improve the accuracy of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM under multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment model， and promote the maximization of the benefits of integrated TCM and western medicine in treating tumors.

Zisheng Pill Formula （资生丸方） in Treating Malignant Tumor Targeted Therapy-induced Diarrhea with Spleen-stomach Weakness Syndrome：A Randomized-controlled Trial / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Zisheng Pill Formula （资生丸方， ZPF） in the treatment of malignant tumor targeted drugs-related diarrhea with spleen-stomach weakness syndrome. MethodsThis was an randomized controlled study， involving 34 cases in the treatment group and 33 cases in the control group. The treatment group was given ZPF decoction， one dose daily by twice， 200 ml each time， while the control group was given montmorillonite powder， three times per day， 3 g each time， with the first dose doubled， both groups for two weeks. The diarrhea frequency， stool characteristics， common terminology criteria for adverse events （CTCAE） for diarrhea， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， the European organization for research on treatment of cancer （EORTC） quality of life questionnaire （EORTC QOL-C30） score， levels of serum intestinal functional indicators including diamine oxidase （DAO）， D-lactic acid （D-LA）， endotoxin （ET） levels were evaluated before and after treatment， and the safety was assessed. ResultsThere were 33 cases in the treatment group and 32 cases in the control group in terms of the per-protocol set （PPS）. The total effective rate of diarrhea of the treatment group and control group was 84.85% and 37.50%， respectively， and the total effective rate of TCM syndromes was 93.94% and 34.38%， with statistically significant differences between the groups （P＜0.01）. After treatment， the frequency of diarrhea and CTCAE grade decreased in both groups， with improved stool characteristics， increased overall health score， and decreased DAO， D-LA and ET levels； in the treatment group， the frequency of diarrhea， the TCM symptom scores in terms of stool characteristics， fear of cold and cold limbs， fatigue， numbness， nausea and vomiting， abdominal distension and abdominal pain were reduced， while the physical function score increased； in the control group， the frequency of diarrhea， stool characteristics and abdominal pain score decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The results favored the treatment group than the control group in all the outcomes except for the nausea and vomiting score， abdominal pain score， overall health score， physical function score， and ET level （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. During the treatment， one case of gastrointestinal infection and one case of constipation occurred in the treatment group， while one case of tumor progression in the control group. ConclusionZPF can effectively improve the clinical symptoms， increase quality of life， decrease serum DAO， D-LA and ET levels， and is safe when treating malignant tumor targeted drug-related diarrhea with spleen-stomach weakness syndrome. The possible mechanism may be related to the repair of intestinal mucosa barrier function.

Construction and Consideration of Comprehensive Evaluation System for Clinical Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Malignant Tumors / 中医杂志

With reference to the comprehensive evaluation system for the clinical effectiveness of Chinese patent medicine， this paper summarized the current status and problems of the comprehensive evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of malignant tumors from seven aspects， including safety， effectiveness， cost-effectiveness， innovation， suitability， accessibility， and TCM features. On this basis， the characteristics of TCM and the disciplinary characteristics of oncology are considered， and multiple sources of evidence， focus on dominant groups of people， consideration of economic toxicity， paying attention to post-marketing research， targeting at patients' willingness of medication， anchoring the supply of TCM services， and introducing symptoms threshold events are further emphasized. Moreover， methods such as nested case-control studies， enrichment designs， real-world research， and intelligent TCM diagnosis and treatment platforms are used to obtain high-level clinical evidence， ultimately building a scientific， homogeneous， and standardized comprehensive evaluation system for the clinical effectiveness of TCM in the treatment of malignant tumors.

Discussion on the Treatment of Malignant Tumors by the Method of Counteracting Toxin with Toxin / 中医杂志

Cancer toxin is the key pathogenesis of malignant tumors. The basic principle of cancer treatment is “dispelling pathogen and resolving toxins， reinforcing healthy qi and reinforcing the foundation”. As one of the “eight methods of anticancer and detoxification”， the counteracting toxin with toxin therapy is a commonly used clinical treatment of malignant tumors. This paper discussed the method of counteracting toxin with toxin and its application in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors from the aspects of history tracing， academic connotation， application principles and clinical application. Toxic Chinese medicinals with anticancer function are required to eliminate cancer toxins based on the principles of excessive cancer toxicity and plentiful healthy qi， as well as in accordance with the various stages and classifications of tumors， thereby improving the theoretical connotation of the method of counteracting toxin with toxin， and promoting the popularization and application of the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 genetic polymorphisms are associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphisms and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).@*METHODS@#A total of 90 Chinese patients with malignant tumors receiving chemotherapy for the first time were recruited in this study. The occurrence of CINV was observed within 120 h after treatment with docetaxel and cis-platinum chemotherapy (DP regimen). The data of the patients (including age, gender, tumor stage, habitual alcohol consumption, motion sickness, morning sickness, and average sleep time prior to chemotherapy) were collected through a questionnaire. ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms of the patients were analyzed using a multiple single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, and the Hardy-Weinberg equation was used for genetic linkage analysis. The correlations between the factors including ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms and the occurrence of CINV were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of CINV was 48.9% among the patients receiving their first chemotherapy with DP regimen. Univariate analysis indicated that the genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 rs671 were significantly correlated with the occurrence of CINV (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that ALDH2 rs671 mutation (OR: 3.019, 95% CI: 1.056-8.628, P < 0.05) and average sleep time prior to chemotherapy no longer than 6 h (OR: 2.807, 95% CI: 1.033-7.628, P < 0.05) were risk factors for CINV in patients with malignant tumors receiving the first chemotherapy with DP regimen.@*CONCLUSION@#ALDH2 gene mutation at rs671 is a risk factor contributing to the occurrence of CINV, and understanding of the underlying mechanism may help to more effectively control the occurrence of CINV.

Quality of Life-Related Factors in Patients with Long-Term Disease after Laryngectomy for Head and Neck Cancer / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：To research studies on patients with head and neck cancer who underwent laryngectomy (patients with laryngectomy) in terms of function, activity, participation, and environment, and examine quality of life (QOL) -related factors.Methods：The participants were patients who underwent laryngectomy and belonged to the Japanese Laryngectomy Clubs. We investigated basic attributes, QOL, sarcopenia, neck and upper limb function, and upper limb-related activities of daily living (ULADL). Statistical analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression analysis after correlation analysis to investigate QOL-related factors.Results：The number of valid responders was 272 patients, median age was 74.0 years, median postoperative follow-up was 8.7 years, and 94 were still employed after surgery. Multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that factors related to QOL included ULADL, sarcopenia, and neck and upper limb function.Conclusions：The QOL-related factors of laryngectomy were neck and upper limb function, ULADL, and sarcopenia. Rehabilitation for these factors is considered important in improving QOL.

A case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Malignant mesothelioma is a highly malignant disease that most often occurs in the pleural cavity, followed by the peritoneum and pericardium. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) accounts for 10%-15% of all mesothelioma. The most important risk factor for MPM is exposure to asbestos. MPM has no specific clinical symptoms, imaging and histopathology are critical for the diagnosis. There are currently no generally accepted guidelines for curative treatment of MPM. The patient mainly presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and discomfort. Due to extensive omentum metastasis, no further surgical treatment was performed. Pemetrexed combined with cisplatin chemotherapy was given for 2 cycles, and the patient is still alive.